Hypertension remains one of the most prevalent cardiovascular conditions worldwide and represents a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. While traditional risk factors such as genetics, diet, physical inactivity, and aging are well recognized, increasing scientific attention has been directed toward the role of environmental determinants in influencing blood pressure regulation. This review explores the emerging relationship between environmental pollution and hypertension, with particular emphasis on air pollution exposure and its physiological impact on cardiovascular health. The paper synthesizes current evidence on major environmental pollutants, including particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and ozone, and examines their potential mechanisms in contributing to vascular dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. The review further discusses vulnerable populations who may experience disproportionate health effects due to environmental exposure, including elderly individuals, urban residents, low-income communities, and pregnant women. In addition, technological advancements in environmental health monitoring are examined, highlighting the growing role of satellite-based pollution surveillance, wearable environmental sensors, and artificial intelligence-driven analytical models in improving exposure assessment and health risk prediction. Public health strategies aimed at mitigating pollution-related hypertension are also analyzed, including global air quality regulations, sustainable urban planning practices, and community-level environmental risk reduction initiatives. Despite progress in understanding the environmental determinants of hypertension, several research challenges remain, including limited long-term exposure datasets, lack of standardized pollution measurement methods, and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration across environmental science, epidemiology, and data analytics. Future research directions emphasize the integration of large-scale environmental monitoring systems with advanced data-driven technologies to improve predictive modeling and inform evidence-based policy development. Strengthening the connection between environmental policy and cardiovascular health research will be essential for reducing the global burden of pollution-related hypertension and promoting healthier living environments.

Keywords: Hypertension, Air Pollution, Environmental Health, Cardiovascular Risk, Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Environmental Monitoring, Artificial Intelligence in Public Health, Urban Air Quality